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Waterjet cutting is a separation process that does not involve heat meaning that the material does not burn, develop microscopic cracks, harden, or change its shape.

The way waterjet cutting technology works is basically quite simple.

To begin with pressure is generated. This happens with a high-pressure pump which generates water pressure of up to 6,000 bar. It leads the water via stainless steel, high-pressure tubes to the cutting head of the waterjet cutting system.
A pneumatically operated valve needle opens or blocks the way for the waterjet in the cutting head.
This makes it possible for the operator or the CNC control to start and stop the water jet. If the valve is open, the water jet reaches a small nozzle made of precious stones, and then on to the second step of adding pressure at supersonic speed.
The physical basis for this is the law of continuity which states that the flow through any cross section of a tube is the same. However, the flow rate increase if the water comes to a narrow point (= nozzle). Depending on the size of the precious stone nozzle a fine pure waterjet measuring Ø 0.08 – 0.4 mm is generated.

WJC pure waterjet cutting

With this fine waterjet soft materials like foam, rubber, polystyrene, leather, insulating wool, and others can be cut.
It is also possible to cut thick elastomers with pure water (plastics which at the same time have a stable form and are elastic).

WJC abrasive waterjet cutting

To cut harder materials like metals and rocks the cutting power has to be increased many times over which then leads to a third step of adding the finely granulated garnet sand (abrasive) to the pure waterjet.
This happens with the so-called Venturi effect.

The pure waterjet creates a vacuum in the mixing chamber (large tube surface). This vacuum transfers to the abrasive feed tube (smaller tube surface), so that the just dispensed abrasive is drawn in and mixed in the mixing chamber with the pure waterjet. The mixture of water and abrasive exits the cutting head at a speed to two to four times the speed of sound.

The result is a higher cutting power, making it possible for the cutting machine to also cut hard materials (like metal, glass, ceramic, stone) as well as other plastic and composites.

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